Milwaukee, Wisconsin Frost Dates, Growing Season & Hardiness Zone
Frost odds and planting zone for Milwaukee for the 2027 season, based on 1991–2020 normals.
Last frost date
Apr 26
typical (50% chance of a later 32°F night)
Safer date: May 12 (10% risk)
earlyApr 26
typicalMay 12
safer
First fall frost
Oct 18
typical (50% chance it has happened by then)
Early-risk date: Oct 2 (10%)
Growing season
173 days
typical frost-free (32°F) season
Short year: 153 days (1 year in 10 is shorter)
USDA hardiness zone
5b–6a
2023 map: -15 to -5°F average coldest night
2012 map: 5b (most of the city)
Stations around the metro don't all agree. The typical last frost is as early as Apr 19 at Milwaukee Mitchell Airport and as late as May 6 at Germantown.
Typical last freeze (32°F): Apr 26. In 1 year out of 10, the last one comes after May 12.
Based on NOAA station Mount Mary College (USC00475474), 3.2 mi W, elevation 715 ft (+5 ft vs. city center). Confidence: High.
When is the last frost in Milwaukee?
The typical last 32°F night is Apr 26, and in 1 year out of 10 a freeze still comes after May 12. Cold 36°F nights (frost possible on plants) typically last longer, to around May 8. The last hard freeze (28°F) typically comes earlier, around Apr 14.
In Milwaukee, late frosts can come well after the typical date. The safer 1-in-10 date (May 12) is 16 days after the typical date (Apr 26). Tender plants set out early will need cover on cold nights.
Cold nights don't end with the last freeze. The typical last 36°F night (frost possible on plants in low spots) comes around May 8, 12 days after the typical last 32°F night. On clear, calm nights, frost can form on leaves while the thermometer still reads above freezing.
| Threshold | 10% (safer) | 30% | 50% (typical) | 90% (early) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F (frost possible on plants) | May 24 | May 15 | May 8 | Apr 24 |
| 32°F freeze | May 12 | May 2 | Apr 26 | Apr 12 |
| 28°F hard freeze | Apr 30 | Apr 20 | Apr 14 | Apr 1 |
All probabilities (10–90%)
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F (frost possible on plants) | May 24 | May 19 | May 15 | May 11 | May 8 | May 5 | May 2 | Apr 30 | Apr 24 |
| 32°F freeze | May 12 | May 6 | May 2 | Apr 29 | Apr 26 | Apr 23 | Apr 20 | Apr 16 | Apr 12 |
| 28°F hard freeze | Apr 30 | Apr 24 | Apr 20 | Apr 16 | Apr 14 | Apr 11 | Apr 8 | Apr 5 | Apr 1 |
Is it too early to plant in Milwaukee?
Before Apr 26 the odds of another 32°F night are better than even; after May 12 they are about 1 in 10 or less.
Today's risk is computed in your browser from the same NOAA probability table, shown as the range between the two nearest NOAA probability levels.
When is the first frost in Milwaukee?
By Oct 18, half of years have had their first 32°F night. In 1 year out of 10, it comes as early as Oct 2. In a typical year, look for the first 36°F night (frost possible on plants) around Oct 6 and the first 28°F hard freeze around Oct 30.
Fall plantings are timed backward from first frost: Oct 18 typically, or Oct 2 if you want a cushion. See the planting calendar for each crop's date.
| Threshold | 10% (early) | 30% | 50% (typical) | 90% (late) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F (frost possible on plants) | Sep 25 | Oct 2 | Oct 6 | Oct 22 |
| 32°F freeze | Oct 2 | Oct 12 | Oct 18 | Nov 1 |
| 28°F hard freeze | Oct 13 | Oct 23 | Oct 30 | Nov 11 |
All probabilities (10–90%)
| Threshold | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F (frost possible on plants) | Sep 25 | Sep 29 | Oct 2 | Oct 4 | Oct 6 | Oct 9 | Oct 12 | Oct 16 | Oct 22 |
| 32°F freeze | Oct 2 | Oct 7 | Oct 12 | Oct 15 | Oct 18 | Oct 22 | Oct 24 | Oct 27 | Nov 1 |
| 28°F hard freeze | Oct 13 | Oct 19 | Oct 23 | Oct 27 | Oct 30 | Nov 1 | Nov 3 | Nov 6 | Nov 11 |
How long is Milwaukee's growing season?
Milwaukee's frost-free season (32°F) typically runs 173 days. In about 1 year out of 10, it's shorter than 153 days.
A season this long fits most warm-season vegetables planted on time. Long-season crops do best when started from transplants.
Growing degree days measure the heat available for crops to grow. The station averages 2,804 a year (base 50°F).
| Threshold | 10% (long year) | 50% (typical) | 90% (short year) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F (frost possible on plants) | 168 days | 150 days | 130 days |
| 32°F freeze | 192 days | 173 days | 153 days |
| 28°F hard freeze | 217 days | 196 days | 178 days |
How does Milwaukee's season compare?
Nationwide, across the 56 cities with frost dates on this site, the typical frost-free season here outlasts the one in 20 of them and falls short of the one in 35.
Growing degree days (base 50°F)
Annual normal: 2,804 GDD (NOAA flag S, 25 years). Running total by the end of each month (sum of NOAA daily GDD normals, so the year-end total can differ slightly from the annual normal):
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 16 | 80 | 339 | 877 | 1,591 | 2,248 | 2,658 | 2,787 | 2,801 | 2,802 |
What growing zone is Milwaukee? (USDA 2023)
The 2023 USDA map puts Milwaukee in zone 5b–6a (-15 to -5°F average coldest winter night). On the 2012 map, most of the city was 5b. Comparing ZIPs listed in both tables, 20 of 30 moved up half a zone.
| ZIP | 2023 | 2012 | Change | Share of ZIP in Milwaukee |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 53202 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 100% |
| 53203 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 100% |
| 53204 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 100% |
| 53205 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 100% |
| 53206 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 100% |
| 53207 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 100% |
| 53208 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 99% |
| 53209 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 61% |
| 53210 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 99% |
| 53211 | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 50% |
| 53212 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 89% |
| 53213 | 5b | 5b | unchanged | 15% |
| 53214 | 5b | 5b | unchanged | 26% |
| 53215 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 93% |
| 53216 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 100% |
| 53217 | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 0% |
| 53218 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 100% |
| 53219 mostly in city | 5b | 5b | unchanged | 52% |
| 53220 | 5b | 5b | unchanged | 30% |
| 53221 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 69% |
| 53222 mostly in city | 5b | 5b | unchanged | 58% |
| 53223 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 64% |
| 53224 mostly in city | 5b | 5b | unchanged | 100% |
| 53225 mostly in city | 5b | 5b | unchanged | 80% |
| 53226 | 5b | 5b | unchanged | 10% |
| 53227 | 5b | 5b | unchanged | 10% |
| 53228 | 5b | 5b | unchanged | 10% |
| 53233 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 100% |
| 53235 | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 0% |
| 53295 mostly in city | 6a | 5b | +1 half zone (warmer) | 100% |
Other ZIPs touching Milwaukee and PO-box ZIPs
ZIPs outside the 532 prefix that overlap the city boundary:
- 53022: 2023 5b, 2012 5a (0.1% of the ZIP is in Milwaukee)
- 53051: 2023 5b, 2012 5b (0.0% of the ZIP is in Milwaukee)
- 53154: 2023 6a, 2012 5b (0.0% of the ZIP is in Milwaukee)
PO-box and single-address 532xx ZIPs have no Census area, so we cannot tell which city they serve: 53201 (6a/5b), 53234 (6a/5b), 53237 (6a/5b), 53259 (6a/5b), 53263 (5b/5b), 53274 (6a/5b), 53278 (6a/5b), 53288 (6a/5b), 53290 (6a/5b), 53293 (6a/5b) (2023/2012).
Zones: PRISM Group, Oregon State University, https://prism.oregonstate.edu, accessed 2026-10-08. Shown as published in the ZIP tables; this page does not show a zone map. Not the official USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (official map: planthardiness.ars.usda.gov).
Does the new zone change Milwaukee's frost dates?
No. Hardiness zones are based only on the average coldest winter temperature. They say nothing about when spring and fall frosts happen. Milwaukee's frost dates come from NOAA's 1991–2020 frost probabilities, which did not change with the 2023 zone map. Use your zone to pick perennials that will survive winter, and your frost dates to time planting.
Why do Milwaukee frost dates differ between websites?
You may see May 2 given as Milwaukee's last frost date. That's the 30%-risk date, meaning about 3 years in 10 still have a 32°F night after it. Our headline date is Apr 26, the 50% (median) date.
May 12 is the 10%-risk, or 'safer', date. Only about 1 year in 10 has a 32°F night after it.
You may also see May 8. That's the 50% date for a 36°F night (frost possible on plants) rather than a 32°F freeze, so sites using 36°F as their cutoff list later dates.
Sites also pick different weather stations. Within 25 miles of the city center, the 14 stations that meet our quality rules put the typical (50%) last 32°F frost anywhere from Apr 19 to May 6 (table below).
| Date | What it is (NOAA 1991–2020) |
|---|---|
| May 2 | 32°F last frost, 30% risk (a 'balanced' date) |
| May 8 | 36°F last cold night, 50% (frost possible on plants) |
| May 12 | 32°F last frost, 10% risk (the 'safer' date) |
| Apr 14 | 28°F last hard freeze, 50% |
| Apr 19 | 32°F last frost, 50%, at Milwaukee Mitchell Airport (nearest station with NOAA flag S) |
| Station | Distance | Elevation | Typical last frost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Milwaukee Mitchell Airport | 8.1 mi SSE | 670 ft | Apr 19 |
| South Milwaukee WWTP | 12.7 mi SSE | 650 ft | Apr 22 |
| Grafton WWTP | 16.9 mi N | 741 ft | Apr 23 |
| Racine Batten Airport | 22.3 mi SSE | 674 ft | Apr 24 |
| Mount Mary College used here | 3.2 mi W | 715 ft | Apr 26 |
| West Allis | 3.6 mi SSW | 723 ft | Apr 26 |
| Port Washington | 23.4 mi NNE | 594 ft | Apr 27 |
| Brookfield WWTP | 10.7 mi W | 830 ft | Apr 30 |
| Jackson | 20.4 mi NNW | 903 ft | Apr 30 |
| Waukesha WWTP | 14.8 mi WSW | 789 ft | May 1 |
| Hales Corners/Whitnall Park/Bo | 9.3 mi SSW | 774 ft | May 3 |
| West Bend | 21.9 mi NNW | 940 ft | May 4 |
| Saukville WWTP | 21.6 mi N | 766 ft | May 5 |
| Germantown | 14.4 mi NNW | 850 ft | May 6 |
Which weather station is this based on?
- Station
- Mount Mary College (NOAA USC00475474, COOP)
- Distance
- 3.2 mi W of the city center
- Elevation
- 715 ft; city center 710 ft (USGS), difference +5 ft
- Record
- NOAA completeness flag S, 28 of 30 years (1991–2020)
- Confidence
- High (rule)
Confidence: High. At 3.2 miles from the city center and only 5 ft off in elevation, with frost statistics that meet our completeness rule (NOAA flag S, 28 of 30 years), this station is a close match.
| Station | ID | Distance | Elev. (Δ) | Last frost 50% | First frost 50% | Season 50% | NOAA flag / years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mount Mary College | USC00475474 | 3.2 mi W | 715 ft (+5) | Apr 26 | Oct 18 | 173 d | S / 28 |
| West Allis | USC00479046 | 3.6 mi SSW | 723 ft (+13) | Apr 26 | Oct 22 | 177 d | R / 11 |
| Milwaukee Mitchell Airport | USW00014839 | 8.1 mi SSE | 670 ft (-40) | Apr 19 | Oct 29 | 192 d | S / 29 |
| Hales Corners/Whitnall Park/Bo | USC00473391 | 9.3 mi SSW | 774 ft (+64) | May 3 | Oct 14 | 162 d | R / 10 |
| Brookfield WWTP | USC00471062 | 10.7 mi W | 830 ft (+120) | Apr 30 | Oct 14 | 164 d | R / 13 |
| South Milwaukee WWTP | USC00477964 | 12.7 mi SSE | 650 ft (-60) | Apr 22 | Oct 26 | 184 d | R / 14 |
| Germantown | USC00473058 | 14.4 mi NNW | 850 ft (+140) | May 6 | Oct 8 | 154 d | S / 30 |
| Waukesha WWTP | USC00478937 | 14.8 mi WSW | 789 ft (+79) | May 1 | Oct 13 | 162 d | R / 21 |
| Grafton WWTP | USC00473198 | 16.9 mi N | 741 ft (+31) | Apr 23 | Oct 24 | 182 d | R / 12 |
| Jackson | USC00473930 | 20.4 mi NNW | 903 ft (+193) | Apr 30 | Oct 15 | 167 d | R / 11 |
| Saukville WWTP | USC00477581 | 21.6 mi N | 766 ft (+56) | May 5 | Oct 11 | 158 d | R / 11 |
| West Bend | USC00479050 | 21.9 mi NNW | 940 ft (+230) | May 4 | Oct 11 | 157 d | R / 13 |
| Racine Batten Airport | USW00094818 | 22.3 mi SSE | 674 ft (-36) | Apr 24 | Oct 24 | 180 d | R / 22 |
| Port Washington | USC00476764 | 23.4 mi NNE | 594 ft (-116) | Apr 27 | Oct 22 | 176 d | R / 21 |
Other stations within 25 mi (not used)
- Richfield 3 SSW (USC00477148), 15.9 mi NW, 984 ft: typical last frost Apr 30. Not used: frost normals incomplete or flagged (needs all 81 values with S/R flags, or values missing only because NOAA's probability of occurrence is below 10%).
11 other NOAA normals stations within 40 km (mostly rain gauges) have no frost statistics.
Milwaukee planting dates at a glance
Balanced dates use the 30%-risk last-frost date as the anchor. The Milwaukee planting calendar has typical and safe dates, fall planting and a month-by-month list for 26 vegetables.
| Crop | Start indoors | Plant outdoors (balanced) | Fall |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tomatoes | Apr 11–25 | May 30 | – |
| Peppers | Mar 21 – Apr 4 | May 16 | – |
| Potatoes | – | Apr 18 – May 2 | – |
| Onions (dry, from sets) | – | Apr 4–18 | – |
| Peas | – | Apr 4–18 | sow by Jul 31 |
| Lettuce (leaf) | – | Apr 4–18 | sow by Aug 5 |
| Carrots | – | Apr 18 – May 2 | sow by Jul 26 |
| Beans (snap) | – | May 2 | sow by Jul 22 |
| Summer squash | – | May 2 | sow by Aug 1 |
| Broccoli | Feb 14–28 | Apr 4–18 | transplant by Jul 31 |
| Cabbage | Feb 14–28 | Apr 4–18 | transplant by Jul 11 |
| Cauliflower | Feb 28 – Mar 14 | Apr 18 – May 2 | – |
| Kohlrabi | – | Apr 4–18 | sow by Aug 15 |
| Green onions | – | Apr 4–18 | sow by Aug 5 |
| Radishes | – | Apr 4–18 | sow by Sep 4 |
| Spinach | – | Apr 4–18 | sow by Aug 25 |
| Turnips | – | Apr 4–18 | sow by Aug 15 |
| Beets | – | Apr 18 – May 2 | sow by Aug 5 |
| Swiss chard | – | Apr 18 – May 2 | sow by Aug 5 |
| Parsnips | – | Apr 18 – May 2 | – |
| Sweet corn | – | May 2 | – |
| Cucumbers | – | May 2 | sow by Jul 27 |
| Eggplant | Mar 14 – Apr 4 | May 16 | – |
| Cantaloupe | – | May 16 | – |
| Watermelon | – | May 16 | – |
| Winter squash | – | May 16 | – |
When to plant tomatoes in Milwaukee · Fall planting dates for Milwaukee
Frost dates near Milwaukee
| City | Distance | Last frost | First frost | Season | Zone 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chicago, IL frost dates | 86 mi | Apr 10 | Nov 5 | 208 days | 6a–6b |
| Indianapolis, IN frost dates | 246 mi | Apr 20 | Oct 21 | 183 days | 6a–6b |
| Detroit, MI frost dates | 251 mi | Apr 27 | Oct 25 | 181 days | 6b |
Frequently asked questions
What is the average last frost date in Milwaukee?
The typical (median, 50%) last 32°F night in Milwaukee is Apr 26, based on NOAA 1991–2020 normals at Mount Mary College. For a safer target, use May 12; after that, only about 1 year in 10 still has a freeze.
When is the first frost in Milwaukee?
Typically by Oct 18 for the first 32°F night, though about 1 year in 10 it comes as early as Oct 2. The first 36°F night (frost possible on plants) typically shows up around Oct 6.
What growing zone is Milwaukee, Wisconsin? Is Milwaukee zone 5 or 6?
Milwaukee is in USDA hardiness zone 5b–6a on the current 2023 map (zone 5–6 for short). On the older 2012 map, most of the city was 5b. That's why older references still say 'zone 5'.
Is it too early to plant in Milwaukee?
For frost-tender plants, yes if it's before Apr 26: until then, the odds of another 32°F night are better than even. Between Apr 26 and May 12, the risk falls from 50% to 10%. Cool-season crops like peas and lettuce can go in weeks earlier; see the planting calendar.
What temperature is a killing frost?
It depends on the crop. Tender plants such as tomatoes are killed by a light frost, which CSU Extension describes as 28–32°F; below 28°F is a heavy frost. We show NOAA odds for 36°F (frost possible on plants), 32°F (freeze, our headline) and 28°F (hard freeze).
Is first frost the same as first freeze?
Not quite. A 'freeze' means the air reached 32°F. 'Frost' is ice on surfaces, and it can form on calm, clear nights even when the air is a few degrees above freezing. So in Milwaukee, the first 36°F night (frost possible on plants) typically comes around Oct 6, before the first 32°F night (Oct 18).
Download & sources
- Add Milwaukee frost & planting dates to your calendar (.ics, 2027)
- Printable planting calendar (PDF)
- How these numbers are calculated
Data: NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (annual/seasonal and daily normals, station USC00475474); USDA Plant Hardiness Zone ZIP tables 2023 and 2012 by the PRISM Group, Oregon State University; Census 2020 ZIP/place relationship file; USGS elevation. Long-term odds, not a forecast. Figures and sentences are generated from these data by fixed rules; see the methodology. Last updated 2026-10-08.